Molecular Biology Research and Applications
Compressive strength of concrete blended with calcined clay and sawdust ash for low-rise housing
- Chinedu P. Eze Department of Civil Engineering, ABU Zaria ORCID 0000-0003-4412-9087 Search for this author on: Google Scholar
- Aisha M. Lawal Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute Search for this author on: Google Scholar
Article Number - 784274D0952B Vol.11(2), pp. 88-103 , June 2026 https://doi.org/10.71234/ajet.2026.1102.07
Received: 12 January 2026 Accepted: 12 May 2026 Published: 11 June 2026
Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). All rights reserved by the authors.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.
Abstract
Cement is the largest line item in low-rise construction budgets across West Africa and the most carbon-intensive. This study evaluated ternary blends of ordinary Portland cement with calcined kaolinitic clay and sawdust ash at replacement levels between 10% and 40%. Blends at 20% replacement reached 92% of control strength at 28 days and exceeded control at 90 days. Beyond 30% replacement, early-age strength fell below the threshold for structural use. Locally calcined clay is available within 40 km of most southern Nigerian block plants.
Keywords: Supplementary cementitious materials, Calcined clay, Sawdust ash, Compressive strength, Affordable housing
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Authors
Department of Civil Engineering, ABU Zaria
ORCID 0000-0003-4412-9087
Search on Google ScholarNigerian Building and Road Research Institute
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Since publication on 11 June 2026.
How to Cite this Article
Eze, C. P., & Lawal, A. M. (2026). Compressive strength of concrete blended with calcined clay and sawdust ash for low-rise housing. Molecular Biology Research and Applications, 11(2), 88-103. https://doi.org/10.71234/ajet.2026.1102.07
Eze, Chinedu P., and Aisha M. Lawal. "Compressive strength of concrete blended with calcined clay and sawdust ash for low-rise housing." Molecular Biology Research and Applications, vol. 11, no. 2, 2026, pp. 88-103. https://doi.org/10.71234/ajet.2026.1102.07.
Chinedu P. Eze, Aisha M. Lawal. "Compressive strength of concrete blended with calcined clay and sawdust ash for low-rise housing." Molecular Biology Research and Applications 11, no. 2 (2026): 88-103. https://doi.org/10.71234/ajet.2026.1102.07.